Better Policies for Sustainable Development 2016 by OECD

Author:OECD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Development
ISBN: 9789264256996
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2016-07-10T16:00:00+00:00

e) International environment

Risk for IFFs is also determined by geographical position and trade or cultural links. Countries may have porous borders with neighbours with high rates of proceeds-generating crime, corruption, or tax evasion, or they may be intermediate steps in routes for smuggling drugs or other illicit items. There are particular risks for countries whose neighbours are in conflict or contain lawless spaces used by terrorist groups or non-state armed groups, since they are likely to be used as convenient channels for funds, arms, and persons. Countries are also at risk of contributing to grand corruption when companies created or based there are operating in other countries, regions, or sectors that are particularly prone to corruption, even if these countries and regions are not their geographical neighbours.

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